AVE Houston
Fall 2004
Houston, TX
The Aura Validation Experiment (AVE) is a NASA science campaign to understand the transport of gases and aerosols in the tropical troposphere and their exchange with the lower stratosphere to better model global scale air quality and climate change. AVE Oct 04 is the first mission in a series of experiments collectively called the Aura Validation Experiment (AVE). AVE will provide important validation of satellite instruments and observations for the Aura satellite, which was launched in 2004 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA.

INTEX-NA
Summer 2004
North America
The Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-NA) is a major NASA science campaign to understand the transport and transformation of gases and aerosols on transcontinental and intercontinental scales and their impact on air quality and climate. The INTEX-NA campaign will be greatly facilitated and enhanced by a number of concurrent national and international field campaigns. The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the principal U.S. partner for NASA and will field coordinated airborne and shipboard platforms. INTEX is sponsored by the NASA Office of Earth Science Tropospheric Chemistry Program.

AVE
Winter 2004
San Jose, Costa Rica
The Aura Validation Experiment (AVE) is a NASA science campaign to understand the transport of gases and aerosols in the tropical troposphere and their exchange with the lower stratosphere to better model global scale air quality and climate change. AVE Jan 04 is an initial test experiment leading to the Aura Validation Experiment (AVE), scheduled to begin in Fiscal Year 2005. AVE will provide important validation of satellite instruments and observations for the Aura satellite, to be launched in 2004.

SOLVE II
January 2003
Kiruna, Sweden
The SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II) is a measurement campaign designed to examine the processes controlling ozone levels at mid- to high latitudes. Measurements will be made in the Arctic high-latitude region in winter using the NASA DC-8 aircraft, as well as balloon platforms and ground-based instruments. The mission will also acquire correlative data needed to validate the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III satellite measurements that will be used to quantitatively assess high-latitude ozone loss. SOLVE is co-sponsored by the Upper Atmosphere Research Program (UARP),Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP), Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP), and Earth Observing System (EOS) of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) as part of the validation program for the SAGE III instrument.

CRYSTAL FACE
July 2002
Key West, Florida
Crystal Face is one of the unique experiment which unites seven NASA centers, NOAA, National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, Office of Naval Research, U.S. Weather Research Program, Universities and other government weather researchers to study the Carbondioxide and greenhouse warming caused from human activties and its effects on the increase of Cirrus clouds in our atmosphere.

CAMEX 4 The Fourth Convection and Moisture Experiment
AUGUST 2001 - September 2001
NAS Jacksonville, NS Mayport, & Key West, Florida
CAMEX4 was a NASA sponsored field campaign. The goal was to improve forecasting of hurricane tracking and intensity at and near landfall by studying the full life cycles of critical weather systems through the use of dedicated aircraft and ground stations.

ERAST Predator-B RPV Homepage
May 2000 -
Dryden Flight Research Center / El Mirage, California
The Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) Program is studying the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the realm of Earth Science. Utilizing the General Atomics Predator-B, the objective is to compose a viable payload that will provide a proof of concept in demonstrating the capability of UAVs in science missions.

SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment
November 1999 - March 2000
Kiruna, Sweden
SOLVE is a measurement campaign designed to examine the processes controlling ozone levels at mid- to high latitudes. Measurements were made in the Arctic region in winter using multiple aircraft, balloon platforms and ground-based instruments. The mission acquired correlative data needed to validate the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III satellite instrument that will be used to quantitatively assess high-latitude ozone loss.

South African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initive 2000
August - September, 2000
Pietersburg, South Africa
The goal of SAFARI 2000 was to identify and understand the relationships between the physical, chemical, biological and anthropogenic processes that underlie the biogeophysical and biogeochemical systems of southern Africa. Particular emphasis was placed upon biogenic, pyrogenic and anthropogenic emissions. Safari studied the characterization and quantification, transport and transformation in the atmosphere, influence on regional climate and meteorology, the eventual deposition and its effect on the ecosystem by these emissions.

TRMM Kwajalein Validation Experiment
July - September 1999
Kwajalein, Marshall Islands
KWAJEX was a campaign intended to help validate the measurements taken from the Tropical Rain Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite. To aid in the physical understanding of TRMM data, Kwajex used instrumented aircraft, doppler radars, soundings, and other ancillary measurements to examine the internal structure of precipitating clouds over open ocean.

TRMM Brazil Validation Experiment
January - February 1999
Brasillia, Ji Parana, & Porto Velho, Brazil
The TRMM Brazil Mission was conducted to understand the dynamic, microphysical, electrical and diabatic heating characteristics of tropical convection over Amazonia. Using multiple aircraft, doppler radar, soundings, a lightning detection network, rain gauges and a profiler, TRMM Brazil was able to collect data to validate the TRMM satellite measurements in this region. TRMM Brazil was conducted in parallel with the wet season component of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia.

The Third Convection and Moisture Experiment
August - September 1998
Patrick AFB, Florida
The Third Convection And Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) was a field research program designed to study hurricanes. CAMEX-3 collected data in tropical cyclone development, tracking, intensification and landfalling using NASA and NOAA aircraft, satellite, and surface remote sensing instrumentation. To better understand the hurricane structure, dynamics, and motion CAMEX-3 studied Hurricanes Bonnie, Danielle, Earl, and Georges. CAMEX-3 was conducted in parallel with TEFLUN-B studying the thunderstorms of the Gulf Region.

Texas Florida Underflights A
April 1998 - May 1998
Ft. Walton Beach, Florida
The Texas Florida Underflights (TEFLUN) Experiment obtained validation measurements for the newly launched Tropical Rainfal Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. With a unique complement of sensors, TEFLUN was the first in a series of experiments using a combination of airborne and surface-based measurements to intercompare the TRMM satellite data.

Subsonic Assessment: Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment
October - November 1997
Bangor, Maine / Shannon, Ireland / Azores, Portugal
SONEX was conducted to understand a variety of NOx sources including the current subsonic aircraft fleet in the North Atlantic, with and without convection. To improve the models and our understanding, Photochemistry was collected to determine the impact of subsonic aircraft emissions on Tropospheric NOx and Ozone budgets.

Photochemistry and Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region In Summer
April - September 1997
Fairbanks, Alaska
POLARIS was a series of high-altitude airborne investigations to understand the behavior of polar stratospheric ozone as it changes from very high concentrations in the spring down to very low concentrations in autumn. The data will help with our understanding on the distribution, chemistry, and physics of stratospheric ozone after the vortex breakup, during the continuous daylight conditions of summer.

Subsonic Aircraft: Contrail and Clouds Effects Special Study
April - May 1996
Salina, Kansas
SUCCESS was a field experiment designed to investigate the effects of subsonic aircraft on contrails, cirrus clouds and atmospheric chemistry. Coordinating with the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurements Program (ARM) which operates the Clouds and Radiation Testbed (CART) site, SUCCESS made airborne measurements with several NASA aircraft and a DOE UAV.

TOTE / VOTE was designed to examine the production and dispersal of filaments from the polar and tropical regions to the midlatitudes. By measuring the chemically distinct air, the processes of exchange was examined in greater detail than the current satellite data allowed since they only showed the larger scale of exchange features.

Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
May 1995 - February 1996
NAS Barber's Point, Hawaii
The STRAT campaign measured the long-lived tracers and dynamical features as functions of altitude, latitude, and season in order to help determine rates for global-scale transport and future distributions of high-speed civil transport exhaust emitted into the lower stratosphere. The observations provided a better understanding of issues involving transport of gases and aerosols in the stratosphere.

Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment / Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft
March - November 1994
Christchurch, New Zealand
ASHOE was designed to examine the causes of ozone loss in the Southern Hemisphere's and understand how the loss is related to the atmospheric transportation processes. Conducted in concert with the ASHOE, MAESA's focus was to provide information about stratospheric photochemistry and transport for assessing the potential environmental effects of high-speed stratospheric aircraft.

Stratospheric Photochemistry Aerosols and Dynamics Experiment
1993
NASA Ames Research Center
SPADE was the first dedicated field mission to acquire atmospheric measurements in support of the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft Program. In addition to assessing the environmental impact of a projected fleet of commercial supersonic aircraft, the experiment focused on the photochemistry of the lower stratosphere with emphasis on ozone production and loss affected by the chemicals.

Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Experiment II
August 1991 - March 1992
Bangor, Maine
Due to the sudden onset and severity of ozone depletion in the Antarctic vortex, AASE II studied the Arctic region to determine the possibility of future ozone erosion in the Northern Hemisphere. As chlorine loading in the stratosphere continues to increase, an understanding of the mechanisms involved must be better understood to predict the severity of future global change.

Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Experiment
January - February 1989
Stavangar, Norway
AASE is a major airborne campaign addressing the crucial scientific issue of global ozone depletion. The sudden and unanticipated decrease of ozone observed over the Antarctica directly implicates the man-made chemical compounds, chlorofluorocarbons, requiring further studies to assess man's growing influence on the environment.

Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment
August - September 1987
Punta Arenas, Chile
Recent observations have shown since 1979 a dramatic and unexpected downward trend in the abundance of ozone during late winter and early spring over Antarctica. The reduction, has been confirmed and given geographically mapped perspective by observations from satellite. Data shows evidence of very unusual odd nitrogen and chlorine chemistry that could be attributed to both chemical or meteorological processes.

Stratospheric Tropospheric Exchange Project
January - February 1987
Darwin, Australia
STEP investigated the mechanism and rates of the irreversible transfer of mass, trace gases, and aerosols from the troposphere to the stratosphere. Thru studying the cold tropopause and large penetrating anvils in the tropics, fundamentals concerning atmospheric transport of natural and manmade chemicals from their tropospheric sources up to the stratosphere will be clearer.